بررسی قابلیت یادگیری حرکتی آشکار و پنهان در دختران پیش دبستانی و دبستانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جامع شوشتر، شوشتر، ایران

2 گروه فیزیوتراپی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم توانبخشی و سلامت اجتماعی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: درباره اینکه کودکان چگونه مهارت های حرکتی جدید را یاد می گیرند اطلاعات اندکی مشخص شده است. هدف از اجرای تحقیق حاضر بررسی قابلیت یادگیری حرکتی آشکار و پنهان در دختران پیش دبستانی و دبستانی بود. 
روش‌ها: برای رسیدن به هدف تحقیق از جامعه در دسترس تعداد 60 شرکت کننده دختر مبتدی در تکلیف ملاک با دامنه سنی 5 تا 10 سال انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به 6 گروه آزمایشی (هر گروه 10 نفر) شامل گروه های 5 ساله آشکار، 5 ساله پنهان،  7 ساله آشکار،  7 ساله پنهان، 10 ساله آشکار و 10 ساله پنهان تقسیم شدند. از نرم افزار ارائه محرک های متوالی برای بررسی عملکرد آزمودنی ها استفاده شد. این تحقیق شامل دو مرحله اکتساب (انجام 8 بلوک حرکتی) و یادداری ( انجام دو بلوک حرکتی) بود. یک روز پس از مرحله اکتساب آزمودنی ها در آزمون یادداری شرکت کردند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد هم آزمودنی های یادگیری آشکار و هم یادگیری پنهان پیشرفت معنی داری در زمان پاسخ داشته اند (05/0P<). همچنین آزمون یادداری نشان داد گروه های یادگیری پنهان پیشرفت قابل توجهی در کاهش زمان واکنش داشته اند که این پیشرفت در دختران 10 ساله و 7 ساله بیشتر از 5 ساله ها بود (05/0P<). 
نتیجه‌گیری: با ‏توجه به یافته های تحقیق می توان گفت که قابلیت یادگیری پنهان در دختران پیش دبستانی و دبستانی وجود دارد و در آموزش مهارت های حرکتی به این افراد، بهره گیری از روش یادگیری پنهان باعث بهبود عملکرد و یادگیری می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of explicit and implicit motor learning capability in preschool and elementary school girls

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayede Fatemeh Talebrokni 1
  • Iraj Abdollahi 2
  • Sayed Kavos Salehi 3
1 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran
2 Department of Physical therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Little information is available regarding the process by which children acquire new motor skills. This study aimed to explore both explicit and implicit motor learning capabilities in preschool and elementary school girls.
Methods: To achieve the research objectives, a sample of 60 novice female participants within the age range of 5 to 10 years was selected from the available population. The participants were randomly assigned to six experimental groups, each consisting of 10 individuals. These groups included 5-year-olds - explicit, 5-year-olds - implicit, 7-year-olds - explicit, 7-year-olds - implicit, 10-year-olds - explicit, and 10-year-olds - implicit. Serial reaction time task software was used to assess the performance of the participants in motor tasks. The study comprised two phases: acquisition, involving the performance of 8 motor blocks, and retention, involving the performance of two motor blocks. One day after the acquisition phase, the participants participated in the retention test. 
Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in both explicit and implicit learning of participants over time (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the retention test revealed significant improvements in response time for the implicit learning groups, with greater progress observed in 10-year-olds and 7-year-olds compared to 5-year-olds (p < 0.05). 
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be said that there is an implicit learning capability in preschool and elementary school girls, and utilizing the implicit learning method in teaching motor skills to these individuals enhances both performance and learning outcomes.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Explicit learning
  • Implicit learning
  • Preschool girls
  • Elementary school girls
  • Retention

مراجع

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مطالعات آموزش علوم ورزشی
دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 4
دوره دوم، شماره اول، بهار 1403
فروردین 1403
صفحه 9-16

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